A seizure is a temporary disturbance of the electrical activity of the brain that
causes temporary disturbances in attention, sensation, or movement that may come
on with or without any warning.
Sometimes a single seizure may occur, for unknown reasons, even in the absence of
an acute illness and these isolated episodes generally do not require prolonged
treatment. When an individual has recurring seizures, they have a chronic medical
condition called epilepsy.
Causes of Epilepsy
Unlike some medical conditions, epilepsy is not necessarily something a person is
born with. Illness, infection, and injury can play a large part in a person’s risk
of developing epilepsy. For example, epilepsy may result from medical conditions
such as a brain tumor or stroke, or certain infections, such as meningitis or viral
encephalitis. People who suffer head injuries may experience seizures that can later
develop into epilepsy. Heredity can also play a role in the risk of developing epilepsy.
In 30% of people with epilepsy, the causes of seizures can be identified as a specific
injury or illness. However, for the remaining 70%, the cause of seizures is unknown.
Controlling Epilepsy
For the majority of people with epilepsy, taking antiepileptic medication is a key
step to controlling their seizures and leading an active, full, and enjoyable life.
Researchers are working to find a cure for this disorder, but until they do, most
people with epilepsy will need to continue taking their medication indefinitely.
Whenever possible, doctors do try to reduce the number of medications taken by patients.
There are also some people with epilepsy who may be able to eliminate taking medications
from their routine. However, it is of the utmost importance to discuss with your
doctor any decision to stop taking your medication and to follow your doctor’s directions
carefully.